TABLE OF CONTENTS
Descriptive Summary of the Collection
Scope and Content of the Collection
 |
Inventory of the Carlos Montezuma Papers, 1888-1936, bulk 1888-1922
Machine-readable finding aid encoded by Lisa Janssen, 2003. ©2003. |
Descriptive Summary of the Collection |
|
| Creator | Montezuma, Carlos, 1866-1923 |
| Title | Carlos Montezuma Papers |
| Dates | 1888-1936, |
| Dates | bulk 1888-1922 |
| Extent | 1.7 linear feet (4 boxes) |
| Abstract | Mostly correspondence, but also writings, miscellaneous documents and memorabilia, clippings and photographs relating to Indian rights activist and physician Carlos Montezuma of Arizona and Chicago, Illinois. |
| Language | Materials are in English. |
| Repository | Newberry Library, Roger and Julie Baskes Department of Special Collections |
| Collection Call Number | Ayer Modern MS Montezuma |
| Collection Stack Location | 3 60 5 |
Administrative Information
Cite As
Carlos Montezuma Papers, the Newberry Library, Chicago.
Provenance
Received in 1984 by David Miller and Frederick Hoxie of the Newberry Library's D'Arcy McNickle Center for American Indian History. Papers were found in a trunk after the death of Montezuma's wife and eventually were brought to the Newberry Library.
Processed by
Virginia H. Smith, 2003
Access
The Carlos Montezuma Papers are open for research; they are available one box at a time in the Special Collections Reading Room (Priority III).
Ownership and Literary Rights
The Carlos Montezuma Papers are the physical property of the Newberry Library. Copyright may belong to the authors or their legal heirs or assigns. For permission to publish or reproduce any materials from this collection, contact the Roger and Julie Baskes Department of Special Collections.
Return to the Table of Contents
Biography of Carlos Montezuma
Indian activist and physician of Arizona and Chicago, Illinois.
Carlos Montezuma was born a Yavapai Indian in southern Arizona on or about 1866. As a boy he survived a murderous attack by rival Pimas, and was then sold to an itinerant Italian photographer named Carlos Gentile. Gentile changed the boy's name from Wassaja to Carlos Montezuma and took him east to New York and Illinois. As he grew up he was educated well enough to be able to attend the University of Illinois and eventually the Chicago Medical College, where he received his MD in 1889. While in medical school he began a long friendship and correspondence with Richard Henry Pratt, head of the famous Carlisle Indian School in Pennsylvania, who became a major influence, encouraging him to dedicate himself to continue to work for the rights of Indians.
After several years working on western reservations for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, Montezuma realized he was opposed to the Bureau's policy of maintaining and operating these reservations, feeling that Native Americans could only achieve their potential if given opportunities within the white, urban America. Thus began Montezuma's continual allegiance with the newly founded Society of American Indians and his role as a firm critic of the government's Bureau of Indian Affairs.
In 1896 Montezuma returned to Chicago to establish a medical practice and later, from 1916 to 1922, to publish a personal newsletter called Wassaja, in which he carried on his fight against the Bureau and his crusade for a place for Indians in twentieth century America. Active all his life as a national leader in Native American affairs, and well known both by his writings and his speeches, in 1922 Carlos Montezuma returned to Arizona to die of tuberculosis in 1923.
A biography by Peter Iverson, entitled Carlos Montezuma, was published in 1982.
Return to the Table of Contents
Scope and Content of the Collection
Correspondence, writings, miscellaneous documents and memorabilia, clippings and photographs relating to Carlos Montezuma.
Mainly incoming correspondence, much of which is from educator and activist Richard H. Pratt. Other correspondents range from relatives and other Indians including Indian author Simon Pokagon and other individuals concerned with Indian affairs, to Chicago patients, social contacts and admirers. The few outgoing letters and drafts of letters concern both Montezuma's medical practice and his activist views. Among his writings are drafts of an article on the Carlisle School on what he calls "the Indian question," manuscript copies of several speeches on that subject, a pamphlet, "Let My People Go," and a group of miscellaneous notes for articles or speeches. The miscellaneous material includes a manuscript transcript "Account of the capture of Maria Ruiz's mother, July 3, 1889," ads, brochures, bills and receipts, clippings and a periodical of 1921 " The Sagamore," and other bits of memorabilia presumably retained by Montezuma. There are a few photographs and photoduplications, only one of which is of Carlos Montezuma.
Narrative descriptions of the subject matter, types of material, and arrangement of each series are available through the Organization section of the finding aid.
Return to the Table of Contents
Organization
Papers are organized in the following series:
- Series 1: Correspondence, 1888-1936. Box(es) 1-3
- Series 2: Works, n.d.-1915. Box(es) 4
- Series 3: Miscellaneous Material, 1889-1935. Box(es) 4
Return to the Table of Contents
Selected Search Terms
The following terms have been used to index the description of this collection in the Newberry Library's public catalog. Researchers desiring additional materials on a particular topic should search the catalog using these headings.
Names
- Carlisle Indian School (Carlisle, Pa.)
- Montezuma, Carlos, 1866-1923
- Pokagon, Simon, 1830-1899
- Pratt, Richard Henry 1840-1924
- Society of American Indians
- United States. Office of Indian Affairs
Subjects
- Correspondence -- Arizona -- 1851-1900
- Correspondence -- Arizona -- 1901-1950
- Correspondence -- Illinois -- 1901-1950
- Correspondence -- Pennsylvania -- 1851-1900
- Correspondence -- Pennsylvania -- 1901-1950
- Indian activists -- United States
- Indian physicians -- United States
- Indians of North America - Government relations -- 1869-1934
- Manuscripts, American
- Manuscripts, American
Return to the Table of Contents
Container List
Series 1: Correspondence, 1888-1936 |
|||||||||||
| Three boxes of correspondence, primarily incoming, concerned with both Indian issues and government bureaucracy, and personal and professional affairs. Important correspondents include author Elaine G. Eastman, Charles H. Mayo, John T. McCutcheon, Indian poet Simon Pokagon, Lucy M. Pomeroy, and Charles H. Pratt. A few letters are neither to or from Montezuma and are so noted. Unless otherwise specified, all letters are addressed to Carlos Montezuma. Montezuma's outgoing correspondence is filed within the alphabetical sequence. | |||||||||||
| Arranged alphabetically. | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | ||||||||||
| 1 | 1 | Allen, Edgar A., 1902 | |||||||||
| 1 | 2 | Alma [ ], 1902 | |||||||||
| 1 | 3 | American Investment Union, 1894 | |||||||||
| 1 | 4 | Armbruster, C.A., 1894 | |||||||||
| 1 | 5 | Arnold, Grant, 1904 | |||||||||
| 1 | 6 | Aungier, Helen, 1897 | |||||||||
| 1 | 7 | B[ ], M. , 1897 | |||||||||
| 1 | 8 | B[ ], Russell, 1909 | |||||||||
| 1 | 9 | Baker, Kate, 1888 | |||||||||
| 1 | 10 | Baldwin, M. E., 1900 | |||||||||
| 1 | 11 | Barclay Bros., 1904 | |||||||||
| 1 | 12 | Barr, M.S., 1909 | |||||||||
| 1 | 13 | Bartholf, Wm. J., 1902; 1904 | |||||||||
| 1 | 14 | Bayley, A.K. , n.d. | |||||||||
| 1 | 15 | Bear, Henry S., 1911 | |||||||||
| 1 | 16 | Bender, Lavinia A., 1901 | |||||||||
| 1 | 17 | Blair, Clyde M. to Wm. T. Moore, 1922 | |||||||||
| 1 | 18 | Block, Willard, 1905 | |||||||||
| 1 | 19 | Brabant, Jessie W., 1908 | |||||||||
| 1 | 20 | Brennan, John R., 1911 | |||||||||
| 1 | 21 | Breuninger, August, 1912 | |||||||||
| 1 | 22 | Brosius, S.M., 1909 | |||||||||
| 1 | 23 | Brown, Gladys to Mrs. Carlos Montezuma, 1924 | |||||||||
| 1 | 24 | Browne, Mary B., 1897 | |||||||||
| 1 | 25 | Burgess, M.(?), n.d. | |||||||||
| 1 | 26 | Burns, Michael, 1894 | |||||||||
| 1 | 27 | Cullough (poss. McCullough), J.S.M., 1909 | |||||||||
| 1 | 28 | Casper, David, 1899 | |||||||||
| 1 | 29 | Cayou, Francis, n.d.; 1899 | |||||||||
| 1 | 30 | Chapple, Joe M., 1908 | |||||||||
| 1 | 31 | Choteau, E.L., 1904 | |||||||||
| 1 | 32 | Choteau, Luzura, 1904 | |||||||||
| 1 | 33 | Clayton, Kathryn, 1908 | |||||||||
| 1 | 34 | Colegrove, E.H., 1907; 1908 | |||||||||
| 1 | 35 | Conlyn, R.H., 1902 | |||||||||
| 1 | 36 | Consolidated Com. Co., 1904 | |||||||||
| 1 | 37 | Cornell, A., 1908 | |||||||||
| 1 | 38 | Craig, Wallace, 1902 | |||||||||
| 1 | 39 | Crouse, C.W., 1910 | |||||||||
| 1 | 40 | Dagenett, Charles E., 1905; 1912 | |||||||||
| 1 | 41 | Davis, Gilberto to Mrs. Carlos Montezuma, 1922 | |||||||||
| 1 | 42 | Davis, Mary Hayes, 1908 | |||||||||
| 1 | 43 | Denniston, J.F., 1894 | |||||||||
| 1 | 44 | Denomie, Joseph, 1897 | |||||||||
| 1 | 45 | DePoe, Robert, 1912 | |||||||||
| 1 | 46 | Dickens, Charles, 1902-1910 | |||||||||
| 1 | 47 | Dickson, Janet, 1904 | |||||||||
| 1 | 48 | Dillon, John, 1901 | |||||||||
| 1 | 49 | Duffie, Marion, 1903; 1904 | |||||||||
| 1 | 50 | Eastman, Elaine G. to Mrs. Moore, 1936 | |||||||||
| 1 | 51 | Elias, W.A., 1907 | |||||||||
| 1 | 52 | Ely, Anne S., 1899; 1903 | |||||||||
| 1 | 53 | Engle, C.H., 1899 | |||||||||
| 1 | 54 | Favill, Henry B., 1904; 1907 | |||||||||
| 1 | 55 | Ferguson, A.T., 1908 | |||||||||
| 1 | 56 | Fish, Mrs. Fred, 1907 | |||||||||
| 1 | 57 | Friedman, M., 1909 | |||||||||
| 1 | 58 | Fuller, Annie, 1909 | |||||||||
| 1 | 59 | Gallagher, Pauline, 1909 | |||||||||
| 1 | 60 | Gentile, Carlos, n.d. | |||||||||
| 1 | 61 | Gentile, Mrs. Carlos, 1894 | |||||||||
| 1 | 62 | Gilruth, Jas. C., 1907 | |||||||||
| 1 | 63 | Godwin, Vernon, 1908 | |||||||||
| 1 | 64 | Goodman, C.W., 1910 | |||||||||
| 1 | 65 | Gordon, Jane Z., 1921 | |||||||||
| 1 | 66 | Gordon, Sarah, 1904 | |||||||||
| 1 | 67 | Grey, Helen, 1909 | |||||||||
| 1 | 68 | Griffith, Roscoe C., 1894; 1895 | |||||||||
| 1 | 69 | Guilford, Mrs. R. E., 1903 | |||||||||
| 2 | 70 | Halliwell, A.C., 1897 | |||||||||
| 2 | 71 | Halsey, Louise, n.d. | |||||||||
| 2 | 72 | Hamilton, Robert to Mrs. Carlos Montezuma, 1923 | |||||||||
| 2 | 73 | Handy, Margaret, n.d. | |||||||||
| 2 | 74 | Harmon, Ada D., 1913 | |||||||||
| 2 | 75 | Haskell, C.N., 1908 | |||||||||
| 2 | 76 | Hauser, Anna M., 1912 | |||||||||
| 2 | 77 | Hawkins, Nana Pratt, 1903 | |||||||||
| 2 | 78 | Hayah, 1902 | |||||||||
| 2 | 79 | Henkelman, Otto to Mrs. C. Gentile, 1894 | |||||||||
| 2 | 80 | Hess, Tillie J., 1911 | |||||||||
| 2 | 81 | Hintz, Mary, 1899 | |||||||||
| 2 | 82 | Holman, Tom, 1908 | |||||||||
| 2 | 83 | Horne, Annie, 1897 | |||||||||
| 2 | 84 | Howe, Laura, 1902 | |||||||||
| 2 | 85 | Hull, L.M., 1909 | |||||||||
| 2 | 86 | Hullet, Flaude, 1904 | |||||||||
| 2 | 87 | Jamieson, Julia, n.d.; 1908 | |||||||||
| 2 | 88 | Jewett, Cornelia, 1909 | |||||||||
| 2 | 89 | Johnston, Helen, 1908 | |||||||||
| 2 | 90 | Johnston, Herbert, 1908 | |||||||||
| 2 | 91 | Jones, W.A., 1904 | |||||||||
| 2 | 92 | Kelen, Stephan, 1903 | |||||||||
| 2 | 93 | Keller (?), J.R., 1899 | |||||||||
| 2 | 94 | Kelso, May M., 1904 | |||||||||
| 2 | 95 | Kenyon, C.H., 1889 | |||||||||
| 2 | 96 | Kenrade, C.U., 1908 | |||||||||
| 2 | 97 | Kiler, Aureka, 1897 | |||||||||
| 2 | 98 | Kiler, Chas. A., 1904 | |||||||||
| 2 | 99 | Klunder, Charles, 1899 | |||||||||
| 2 | 100 | Kuerten, Lizzie Mae, 1909 | |||||||||
| 2 | 101 | Lane, Mable J., 1904 | |||||||||
| 2 | 102 | Latimer, Joseph W. to Mrs. Carlos Montezuma, 1923 | |||||||||
| 2 | 103 | Lawson, George, 1907; 1908 | |||||||||
| 2 | 104 | Libby, Mr. And Mrs. Mark, 1894 | |||||||||
| 2 | 105 | Lillibridge, J.G., 1899 | |||||||||
| 2 | 106 | Little, Mrs. H.A., 1908 | |||||||||
| 2 | 107 | Lower, Allie, n.d. | |||||||||
| 2 | 108 | Lutze, Dr. (for "Dr. Kade's"), 1924 | |||||||||
| 2 | 109 | Madison, William to Mrs. Carlos Montezuma, 1923 | |||||||||
| 2 | 110 | Martin, Blanche C., 1903 | |||||||||
| 2 | 111 | Mason, Aaron, 1888 | |||||||||
| 2 | 112 | Mayo, Charles H., 1922 | |||||||||
| 2 | 113 | McCelvey, J.S., 1903 | |||||||||
| 2 | 114 | McCutcheon, John T., n.d. | |||||||||
| 2 | 115 | McIntosh, Archie to A.J. Arana, 1889 | |||||||||
| 2 | 116 | McKenzie, F.A., 1908; 1910; 1911 | |||||||||
| 2 | 117 | MacPherson, Walter, n.d. | |||||||||
| 2 | 118 | Mercer, W.A., 1905 | |||||||||
| 2 | 119 | Meyer, Mary, 1908 | |||||||||
| 2 | 120 | Miller, Olive, n.d. | |||||||||
| 2 | 121 | Molina, Griesalda, 1907 | |||||||||
| 2 | 122 | Montezuma, Carlos to Helen Aungier, 1897 | |||||||||
| 2 | 123 | Montezuma, Carlos to Chamber of Commerce, 1904 | |||||||||
| 2 | 124 | Montezuma, Carlos to R.H. Conlyn, 1902 | |||||||||
| 2 | 125 | Montezuma, Carlos to Henry B. Favill, n.d. (draft) | |||||||||
| 2 | 126 | Montezuma, Carlos to Mrs. G.W. Morley, (draft) 1908 | |||||||||
| 2 | 127 | Montezuma, Carlos to Estelle Reel, (draft) 1905 | |||||||||
| 2 | 128 | Montezuma, Carlos to his sister, (drafts) 1889 | |||||||||
| 2 | 129 | Montezuma, Carlosto W.G. Thompson, 1907 | |||||||||
| 2 | 130 | Moore, W.J. to Mrs. Carlos Montezuma, 1923 | |||||||||
| 2 | 131 | Mother to a son ("Dear Boy"), 1897 | |||||||||
| 2 | 132 | Mott, Seward, 1899; 1902 | |||||||||
| 2 | 133 | Murdock, Gertrude, 1904 | |||||||||
| 2 | 134 | Murie, James R., 1908 | |||||||||
| 2 | 135 | Murphy, J.B., 1904 | |||||||||
| 2 | 136 | Murray, A.G., 1902 | |||||||||
| 2 | 137 | Oliver, Alice, n.d. | |||||||||
| 2 | 138 | Oskison, John, 1913 | |||||||||
| 3 | 139 | Packer, E.L., 1908 | |||||||||
| 3 | 140 | Pappin, Jeanette, 1912 | |||||||||
| 3 | 141 | Parker, Arthur, 1912 | |||||||||
| 3 | 142 | Parker, K. n.d. | |||||||||
| 3 | 143 | Parr, Lucie Hall, 1904 | |||||||||
| 3 | 144 | Peake, Emily E., 1897 | |||||||||
| 3 | 145 | Pelcher, Grace, 1912 | |||||||||
| 3 | 146 | Perry, H. Francis, 1897 | |||||||||
| 3 | 147 | Philbrick, Solon, 1892 | |||||||||
| 3 | 148 | Pokagon, Simon, 1899 | |||||||||
| 3 | 149-150 | Pomeroy, Lucy M., n.d.; 1898; 1903 | |||||||||
| 3 | 151 | Pratt, Nana, 1897 | |||||||||
| 3 | 152-154 | Pratt, Richard H., 1897-1920 | |||||||||
| 3 | 155 | Pratt, Richard H. to Misc., 1907-1915 | |||||||||
| 3 | 156 | Prizer, James, 1899 | |||||||||
| 3 | 157 | Pursell, Sarah to Mary Martin, 1919 | |||||||||
| 3 | 158 | Randall, Delia, 1899 | |||||||||
| 3 | 159 | Ranck, Samuel, 1908 | |||||||||
| 3 | 160 | Rasebier, H., 1901 | |||||||||
| 3 | 161 | Reber, D.H., 1902 | |||||||||
| 3 | 162 | Reynolds, P.J., 1900 | |||||||||
| 3 | 163 | Ricketts, Ethel, 1904 | |||||||||
| 3 | 164 | Rogers, Ed, 1903 | |||||||||
| 3 | 165 | Ronaldson, L., 1904; 1906 | |||||||||
| 3 | 166 | Ruggles, Levi, 1889 | |||||||||
| 3 | 167 | Ruiz, Juan, 1897 | |||||||||
| 3 | 168 | Ruiz, Maria, n.d., 1889; 1897 | |||||||||
| 3 | 169 | S[ ], B.K., n.d.; 1902 | |||||||||
| 3 | 170 | Schaffer, "Your Mother," 1897 | |||||||||
| 3 | 171 | Seger, John H. to Gen. R.M. (sic) Pratt, 1907 | |||||||||
| 3 | 172 | Seneca, Nancy, n.d. | |||||||||
| 3 | 173 | Shaw, Purl, 1901 | |||||||||
| 3 | 174 | Sloan, Mrs., 1916 | |||||||||
| 3 | 175 | Smith, Alice, 1909 | |||||||||
| 3 | 176 | Sniffen, M.K., 1909 | |||||||||
| 3 | 177 | Sperling, G., 1897 | |||||||||
| 3 | 178 | Spottedhorse, Clara, 1908 | |||||||||
| 3 | 179 | Springer, Bessie, 1902 | |||||||||
| 3 | 180 | Standing, A.J., 1897 | |||||||||
| 3 | 181 | Sutton, 1894 | |||||||||
| 3 | 182 | Sutton, Suzette E., n.d. | |||||||||
| 3 | 183 | Thomas, C.N., 1904 | |||||||||
| 3 | 184 | Thompson, Mrs. W., n.d. | |||||||||
| 3 | 185 | Toledo, James, 1924 | |||||||||
| 3 | 186 | Toprock, Morgan, 1894 | |||||||||
| 3 | 187 | W[ ], Helena, 1909 | |||||||||
| 3 | 188 | Walbridge, Mrs., 1899 | |||||||||
| 3 | 189 | Walker, Walter, 1897 | |||||||||
| 3 | 190 | Waterman, Leila, 1912 | |||||||||
| 3 | 191 | Weber, Rosa L., 1908 | |||||||||
| 3 | 192 | Webster, Jemima W., 1903 | |||||||||
| 3 | 193 | Whellock, J. Riley, 1908 | |||||||||
| 3 | 194 | Williams, M., 1904 | |||||||||
| 3 | 195 | Williams, R.F., 1908 | |||||||||
| 3 | 196 | Witter, Emmett, n.d.; 1902-1905 | |||||||||
| 3 | 197-198 | Witter, Georgetta, n.d., 1902-1903 | |||||||||
| 3 | 199 | Woolsey, Lulu, 1897 | |||||||||
| 3 | 200 | Wright, L.E., 1901 | |||||||||
| 3 | 201-203 | Unidentified, n.d.; 1892; 1907; 1910 | |||||||||
Series 2: Works, n.d.-1915 |
|||||||||||
| Mainly Carlos Montezuma's undated drafts of articles and/or speeches and miscellaneous notes on Indian affairs. Also, one of his printed speeches. | |||||||||||
| Arranged alphabetically by type of material. | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | ||||||||||
| 4 | 204 | Article on the Carlisle Indian School, n.d. (draft) | |||||||||
| 4 | 205 | Article on "The Indian Question," n.d. (draft) | |||||||||
| 4 | 206 | Miscellaneous notes for articles, speeches, letters, n.d. | |||||||||
| 4 | 207 | Speech, "Flash Lights on the Indian Question," n.d. | |||||||||
| 4 | 208 | Speech, "Hell with the Indians," n.d. | |||||||||
| 4 | 209 | Speech, "Hundreds of thousands of the best among people..." n.d. | |||||||||
| 4 | 210 | Speech, "Let My People Go," (published) 1915 | |||||||||
Series 3: Miscellaneous Material, 1889-1935 |
|||||||||||
| A few manuscript and printed materials relating to Montezuma, including memorabilia, bills and receipts; material concerned with Indian affairs, ads, clippings, articles; also a few photographs of Indians, with only one (undated) photoduplicated image of Montezuma. | |||||||||||
| Arranged alphabetically by type of material or source of material. | |||||||||||
| Box | Folder | ||||||||||
| 4 | 211 | "Account of the capture of Maria Ruiz's mother, July 3, 1889" (mss.) | |||||||||
| 4 | 212 | Ad for book, Pratt the Red Man's Moses by E.G. Goodman, 1935 | |||||||||
| 4 | 213 | American Indian Assoc. Membership List, n.d. | |||||||||
| 4 | 214 | Article, "From an Indian Day School Teacher in Arizona," 1915 | |||||||||
| 4 | 215 | Brochure for "The Indian Play Hiawatha" near Petoskey, Mich., 1914 | |||||||||
| 4 | 216 | Certificate of Educational Competency from Haskell Institute, (facsimile) 1917 | |||||||||
| 4 | 217 | Chicago Medical Society membership material, 1903-1908 | |||||||||
| 4 | 218 | Clippings, n.d.; 1913-1922 | |||||||||
| 4 | 219 | Clippings, Scrapbook of published articles by Albert Payson Terhune, n.d. | |||||||||
| 4 | 220 | Document: notarized item concerning the return of an Indian boy, Jan. 2, 1931 | |||||||||
| 4 | 221 | German article and poem, n.d. (mss.) | |||||||||
| 4 | 222 | Misc. Memorabilia, n.d.; 1892-1916 | |||||||||
| 4 | 223 | Periodical, "The Indian Medical News," 1917 | |||||||||
| 4 | 224 | Periodical , "The Sagamore," 1921 | |||||||||
| 4 | 225 | Periodical cover, "The Standard," 1918 | |||||||||
| 4 | 226 | Photograph: "Indian Delegates" (undated photomechanical) | |||||||||
| 4 | 227 | Photographs: Indian Portraits, n.d.; 1921 | |||||||||
| 4 | 228 | Photographs: Carlos Montezuma (photomechanical), and Montezuma's gravesite, n.d. | |||||||||
| 4 | 229 | Receipts, bills, etc., n.d.; 1895-1908 | |||||||||